Medical Treatments for Prostate CancerThere are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy. The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped. |
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Radioguided Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection in Staging of Prostate (2003) Randomized prospective evaluation of extended versus limited lymph node dissection in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Do prostate cancer patients at risk of pelvic lymph-node (2005) Lack of benefit of pelvic radiation in prostate cancer patients with a high risk of positive pelvic lymph nodes treated with high-dose radiation. Glossary of Prostate Cancer Related Terms, L - Prostate Cancer lymphadenectomy: also known as a pelvic lymph node dissection, of selected lymph nodes, a common site of metastatic disease with prostate cancer; MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Prostate cancer Stage D: Tumor has spread (metastasized) to lymph nodes or other parts of the body, The appropriate treatment of prostate cancer is often controversial. NEJM -- Noninvasive Detection of Clinically Occult Lymph-Node Methods Eighty patients with presurgical clinical stage T1, T2, or T3 prostate cancer who underwent surgical lymph-node resection or biopsy were enrolled. The Journal of Urology : ANDROGEN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN PROSTATE Our results indicate that it may be clinically useful to determine lymph node androgen receptor expression in men with advanced prostate cancer when The Journal of Urology : Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Prostate In this issue of The Journal Salem et al (page 744) present a preclinical study of prostate sentinel lymph node mapping for prostate cancer staging. Prostate Cancer Treatment Options -- familydoctor.org Since the prostate gland and the lymph nodes are not taken out, your doctor can't tell the exact size of the tumor. The cancer could come back many years Analysis Of "Negative" Lymph Nodes In Prostate Cancer Reveals UroToday.com - Node positive prostate cancer (CaP) usually results in early androgen-deprivation therapy. The incidence of pathologic understaging of Will my prostate cancer spread to my lymph nodes? This calculator predicts the likelihood of lymph node metastasis in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. Version: Prostate Cancer Staging Systems - oncologychannel Prostate Cancer Stage 4. Click to enlarge image. Stage D Metastasis (spread) to regional lymph nodes, or to distant bones, organs (e.g., liver, lungs), Federal Consumer Information Center: Understanding Treatment Lymph Nodes. When cancer occurs in the prostate, the gland's cells multiply abnormally and may eventually grow through the prostate capsule and invade Prostate Health So, if you are a likely candidate for prostate cancer: (1) Check your lymph nodes; (2) If they are sore, your lymph is blocked, and you have created a Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ^) In stage IV, cancer has metastasized (spread) to lymph nodes near or far from the prostate or to other parts of the body, such as the bladder, rectum, Advanced Prostate Cancer: Understanding Prostate Cancer Metastasis Advanced prostate cancer with bone metastasis or lymph node metastasis is more likely to cause Prostate Cancer Symptoms than is an early stage of the The stages of prostate cancer The four basic stages of prostate cancer. Staging takes into account the size of the tumour, whether the lymph glands (also called lymph nodes) are affected Prostate Cancer Resources and Information | OncoLink Usually, prostate cancer is very slow growing. However, sometimes it will grow quickly and spread to nearby lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small, Prostate cancer - CNN.com Your cancer has spread to lymph nodes, bones, lungs or other organs. Complications. Complications from prostate cancer are related to both the disease and Lymph Node Dissection | Prostate Cancer Information | UPMC Cancer In selected cases, before radical prostatectomy, lymph nodes near the prostate gland will be removed and evaluated to determine if the prostate cancer has |
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