Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

prostate biopsy results
Targeted Prostate Biopsy Using Statistical Image Analysis
11 K. Roehl, J. Antenor, and W. Catalona, ÁœSerial biopsy results. in prostate cancer screening study,Á« J. Urol., vol. 167, no. 6, pp. 2435Á“2439, 2002.

Prostate Biopsy May Be Misleading in Obese Men - Prostate Cancer
In obese men, prostate biopsy may underestimate the aggressiveness of was significantly associated with upgrading of the prostate biopsy results.

Clinical evaluation of prostate biopsy parameters: gland volume
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Results of prostate biopsy in 130 consecutive patients were correlated with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) findings, digital rectal

The relation of prostate biopsy results and ratio of free to total
According to biopsy results prostate cancer was found. in 16 of 130 patients (12.3%) with serum PSA 4Á“. 10 ng/mL and in 10 of 64 patients (15.6%) with serum

USNews.com: Health: Prostate Cancer: Prostate biopsy
When prostate cancer is suspected, either from the results of a digital rectal exam, a PSA test, or both, a prostate biopsy is performed.

The Journal of Urology : INTRARECTAL LIDOCAINE DURING TRANSRECTAL
INTRARECTAL LIDOCAINE DURING TRANSRECTAL PROSTATE BIOPSY: RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED TRIAL. SAM S. CHANG*, a, GREGORY ALBERTSa,

Urology : Continuing or Discontinuing Low-Dose Aspirin Before
Continuing or Discontinuing Low-Dose Aspirin Before Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: Results of a Prospective Randomized Trial

IngentaConnect The relation of prostate biopsy results and ratio
The relation of prostate biopsy results and ratio of free to total PSA in patients with a total PSA between 4Á“20 ng/mL. Authors: Yeniyol C.ö–.1; Bozkaya G.2;

Urological Research Foundation - Serial biopsy results in prostate
PURPOSE: We evaluated prostate biopsy results in men with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and/or suspicious digital rectal examination whose

Prostate Biopsy - Yahoo! Health
If the prostate biopsy results show cancer, other tests may be needed to determine the spread of the cancer. These tests may include a blood test

Prostate Cancer Biopsy Following High PSA Test, February 15, 2005
National data on prostate biopsy rates following PSA or DRE screening are The results of a PSA test or DRE had a substantial impact on biopsy rates:

Predicting Prostate Biopsy Results: PSA, Age, and Race
Decisions about whether to biopsy should rest on values of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and need not consider age and race, according to the

Prostate Biopsy
A prostate gland biopsy is a test to remove small samples of prostate the need for the biopsy, its risks, how it will be done, or what the results will

Biopsy, Gleason and Your Prostate
Biopsy and related tests to find out if you have prostate cancer and what stage it might be The results are based on your input of your Gleason score,

Biopsy Pathology Report - Prostate Cancer Research Institute
Understanding Your Biopsy Results. Download - The Biopsy Pathology Report Piantadosi S; Epstein JI Correlation Of Prostate Needle Biopsy And Radical

Prostate Biopsy: A Wealth of Information When Done and Interpreted
Transrectal ultrasoundÁ“guided prostate biopsy should be considered in those with abnormal DRE results, an abnormal PSA level, or a combination of the two.

Robotic Surgery Blog: Telling someone they have prostate cancer
I have been in practice 3 years and I have always tried to give the biopsy results over the phone. This may seem cold, but with prostate cancer it is rarely

ACS :: Can Prostate Cancer Be Found Early?
Uncertain or false test results could cause confusion and anxiety. Some men might have a prostate biopsy (which carries its own small risks,

ACS :: How Is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?
If certain symptoms or the results of early detection tests -- the . Another finding that is sometimes reported on a prostate biopsy is atypical small


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