Medical Treatments for Prostate CancerThere are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy. The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped. |
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Prostate cancer detection in men with prior high grade prostatic PURPOSE: We used clinical variables to predict prostate cancer detection on intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or atypia on initial prostate biopsy. Memphis Bioworks Finding high-grade PIN on a prostate biopsy means that the entire prostate gland has suffered enough tissue damage to make it very susceptible to the Prostate Biopsy Interpretation Prostate Biopsy Interpretation. Robin T. Vollmer, MD so that if one wants to concentrate on prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), one can view just DrGreene.com Content: Prostate biopsy: Evolving indications and Indications for a repeat prostate biopsy in men with an initial diagnosis of PIN were based on reports demonstrating a cancer incidence in the range of 40% Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) - Prostate Cancer There is no blood test for PIN and there is no correlation between PIN and PSA levels. A prostate biopsy is the only way to diagnose PIN. Effects of sextant transrectal prostate biopsy plus additional far ber diagnosed as having PIN or atypical gland. How-. ever, far lateral cores taken in addition to a sextant. transrectal prostate biopsy do not improve Urology : Detection rate of prostate cancer on biopsy according to In Western countries, the incidence of high-grade PIN on prostate biopsy specimens has been reported as an average of 6% (range 1.5% to 16.5%).16 In our Variables for repeat prostate biopsy The yield of a second prostate biopsy is multifactorial and depends on the Patients who have high-grade PIN should undergo repeat biopsy without further The Journal of Urology : PROSTATE BIOPSY - Published by Elsevier It has been widely publicized that high grade PIN may be a precursor to invasive prostate cancer and that re-biopsy should be performed in 3 to 6 months. Prostate biopsy interpretation | Archives of Pathology Prostate biopsy interpretation from Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine of PIN to cancer and as universal precursor to prostate cancer should be The Canadian Prostate Health Council Prostate biopsy has been a common urologistâ™s office procedure for a number PIN and atypia are often discovered in the prostate without actual cancer. UroToday - AUA 2006 - Prostate PIN, Atypia And Atrophy Presented Dr. Jonathan Epstein, Johns Hopkins University gave a State-of-the Art Lecture on "Significance of PIN, Atypia and Atrophy on Prostate Biopsy" at the USNews.com: Health: Prostate Cancer: Testing and PIN A prostate biopsy that reveals prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) may leave men unsure of how to react. Although PIN is thought to be a pre-malignant Prostate Cancer Research Institute - Prostatic Intraepithelial 5 36 of 152 or 24% of these prostate glands had PIN. Of these 36 cases, men with isolated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on prostate needle biopsy. PIN and Prostate Cancer: New Studies Show Less Risk The risk for prostate cancer in men with PIN on their initial biopsy was much lower than the 51% earlier reported. In fact, the findings were surprising: eMedicine - Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) : Article by Prostate biopsy is the only method for identifying the presence of PIN and diagnosing coexisting cancer short of prostate surgery. PIN has minimal influence Cornell Urology - Pathology of Prostate Cancer Pathology of Prostate Cancer Ç What will your prostate biopsy reveal? When high-grade PIN is found on needle biopsy, there is a 30 to 50 percent risk of ACS :: What Is Prostate Cancer? If you have had high-grade PIN found on a prostate biopsy, there is about a 20% chance that you also have cancer in your prostate. ACS :: How Is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed? For this reason, doctors often watch men with high-grade PIN carefully and may advise a repeat prostate biopsy, especially if the original biopsy did not |
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