Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

palpate prostate
Prostate Cancer Symptoms
Because these symptoms are so non-specific, many people will recommend using yearly digital rectal exams to palpate the prostate in addition to a yearly PSA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Palpate prostate. Patient supine. 18) (Female) Pelvic exam. Inspect external genitalia. Inspect vaginal vault with speculum. Obtain Pap smear and culture.

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PR exam-palpate prostate-hard multi-nodular-could be Ca? said what i found and. told examiner. would like to follow up with more Ix

Is Your Dogs Prostate Making Him Prostrate?
Changes are often asymmetric, conferring an irregular contour to the gland that the veterinarian likely will recognize while palpating the prostate.

Virtual Reality Training For The Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer
tual reality prostate palpation simulation. This train-. ing system would provide the same kind .. an overview of how to palpate the prostate correctly.

Reference Cards
Rectum/Vagina/Perineum - check rectal tone, palpate prostate, ?rectal/vaginal bleeding/injuries; ?rigid sigmoidoscopy - vaginal speculum exam if able

How Adequate is Digital Rectal Exam for Prostate Cancer Screening
quacy of prostate palpation at DRE at colonoscopy, and to . palpate the prostate gland. Likewise, if the prostate is being. palpated, there is no data on

- BACKGROUND Definition Incidence/Etiology Risk Factors HISTORY
Adolescent boys: palpate prostate. Laboratory. Studies. Urine Collection. Not toilet trained:. Single in-and-out. catheterization

Alimentary | Rectal Examination
Internal palpation. Lubricate index finger. Insert finger slowly, assessing external sphincter tone as enter. Male: palpate prostate anterior of rectum:

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM EVALUATION, INFERTILITY, DISEASES OF THE MALE
Prostatic aspiration: Can be done either by passing a catheter to prostate (judged by rectal palpation). Palpate prostate aspirate via syringe on catheter

Science Links Japan | Development of rectal palpation simulator
A user can palpate prostate model indirectly by pushing rectum model with a haptic device. The interaction model between elastic objects, which represents

Device for palpation and mechanical imaging of the prostate - US
Device for palpation and mechanical imaging of the prostate - US Patent 6142959 from Patent Storm. The present invention relates to a method for

Device for palpation and mechanical imaging of the prostate
The present invention relates to a method for mechanically imaging the prostate with a prostate examination device. In the method, position data and

DEVICE FOR PALPATION AND MECHANICAL IMAGING OF THE PROSTATE
Abstract not available for EP1418843 Abstract of correspondent: WO0106927 This invention is a prostate examination device for mechanically imaging the

Rectal Examination
Using the pulp of the exploring finger and firm pressure, palpate the prostate through the anterior rectal wall by sweeping the finger from side to side


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