Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

history of prostate cancer
Urology at Hopkins: Brady Urological Institute
The Department of Urology strongly encourages clinicians to take a family history of prostate cancer from each adult patient, as a positive family history

Prostate health information, including signs of prostate cancer
However, if your family has a history of prostate cancer, you should begin performing this yearly test starting on your 40th birthday.

Prostate Cancer Risk and Family History
Family history may indicate an increased prostate cancer risk.

Family history of prostate cancer
There is prostate cancer in my family.How do I know if I am at risk?There is now more evidence that suggests that prostate cancer can run in families.

African-Americans With Prostate Cancer More Likely To Have Family
African-American men with prostate cancer were more likely to report a family history of prostate cancer and breast cancer among siblings than men who did

Foundation History - Prostate Cancer Research Foundation
The Prostate Cancer Foundation of Canada was founded in 1994 by Ron Evason, a prostate cancer patient and then President of the Society of the Plastics

UMHS Press Release: Men with family history of prostate cancer
Men with family history of prostate cancer accurately predict higher risk, UMHS study finds. Nearly one-third report using supplements to boost prostate

Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is a disease that affects men from around the age of 45 years. and he may also ask about any family history of prostate cancer.

Prostate Cancer Overview - Prostate Cancer Foundation
This section provides information regarding the prostate itself, some of the risk factors associated with prostate cancer as well as certain things which

USRF - Natural History of Prostate Cancer: a Late Killer
Orebro, Sweden (June, 2004) â“ A major advance in knowledge of prostate cancer (CaP) natural history was revealed this month with publication of the largest,

ACS :: Family History Of Prostate Cancer Increases Chance Of Early
The need for screening increases when there's prostate cancer in the family.

History of Prostate Cancer Research & Treatment in BC
Innovative prostate research intiated at the BC Cancer Agency by Dr. Nick Bruchovsky and Dr. Paul Rennie in the Department of Cancer Endocrinology.

Prostate Cancer Screening: More Harm Than Good? - August 1998
The natural history of prostate cancer has not been well defined, and there is great variation in the aggressiveness of different tumors.

eMedicine - Prostate Cancer: Biology, Diagnosis, Pathology
Alteration of genes on chromosome 1, 17, and the X chromosome have been found in some patients with a family history of prostate cancer.

Prostate Cancer: What You Need to Know -- familydoctor.org
Men with a family history of prostate cancer are at higher risk, too. In this case, family history means that your father or a brother had prostate cancer.

Family history and prostate cancer risk in a population-based
A family history of prostate cancer has been associated with prostate cancer risk in most prior studies, and more limited data suggest that a family history

Prostate cancer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lytton, B. Prostate cancer: a brief history and the discovery of A History of Prostate Cancer Treatment. Nature Reviews Cancer 2, 389â“396 (2002).

Family history and prostate cancer risk in black, white, and Asian
Increased risk of prostate cancer in men with a family history of the disease has been observed consistently in epidemiologic studies.


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